Ginger

• In patients with T2D, reduced FBS and HbA1c and improved insulin resistance indices such as fasted insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI.

• Anti-oxidant. Protected mice against high doses of radiation that cause massive DNA damage, lipid oxidation, and other cellular damage.

• Improves mitochondrial health by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis (creation of new mitochondria) (R,R). The older we get, the fewer proper functioning mitochondria we have. 

• Effective in controlling the extent of colorectal, gastric, ovarian, liver, skin, breast, and prostate cancers.

• Extended lifespan in C elegans, and brought about various longevity-promoting effects (R). Stress resistance was increased, while lipofuscin levels were reduced. Lipofuscin is called the “aging pigment”: it accumulates during aging until it’s so ubiquitous it hinders the functioning of cells, especially in long-lived cells like neurons. 

• Ginger Extract (Gingerenone A) Shows Strong Senolytic Effect. This compound could be superior to dasatinib and quercetin.

• [I had the lowest insulin when I was eating ginger regularly – 7/18/20-8/10/20]

The Effects of Ginger on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein A-I and Malondialdehyde in Type 2 Diabetic Patients, 2015

     

The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2014

Objective: To identify the effect of some herbal products on insulin resistance. Regarding the scientific evidences existing about ginger, this research was therefore carried out to identify the effect of ginger supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 88 participants affected by diabetes were randomly assigned into ginger (GG) and placebo (PG) groups. The GG received 3 one-gram capsules containing ginger powder whereas the PG received 3 one-gram microcrystalline-containing capsules daily for 8 weeks. HbA1c, fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (β%), insulin sensitivity (S%) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results: FBS mean showed a decrease of 10.5% (p=0.003) in the GG whereas the mean had an increase of 21% in the PG (p=0.01). Variation in HbA1c mean was in line with that of FBS. Statistical difference was found in the two groups before and after the intervention in terms of median of fasting insulin level, S% and HOMA-IR (P<0.005). Moreover QUICKI mean increased significantly in the two groups, the mean difference, however, was significantly higher in the GG.

Conclusions: The study demonstrated that daily consumption of 3 one-gram capsules of ginger powder for 8 weeks is useful for patients with type 2 diabetes due to FBS and HbA1c reduction and improvement of insulin resistance indices such as QUICKI index.

Effects of Ginger Powder Supplementation on Glycemic Status and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2020

Background

Diabetes is a huge problem affecting 387 million adults by a global prevalence of (8.3%) which is expected to rise to (10.1%) affecting 592 million adults by 2035. Type 2 diabetes, a growing public health problem, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of ginger powder supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in obese Egyptian patients with new-onset type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Patients and Methods

This study was conducted at the Diabetes outpatient clinic of the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE) during the period from January 2016 to January 2017.

Study Design

A randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, was performed on 80 subjects newly diagnosed with T2DM. Subjects were randomly & equally subdivided into two groups:

Group 1: Ginger Group (GG), which consumed three capsules daily, each capsule containing: 600-mg of ginger powder (total daily dose was 1.8 g), they also underwent certain diet and physical activity changes, and also received metformin as one 850-mg tablet twice a day with meals for a duration of 8 weeks.

Group 2: Placebo Group (PG), which received capsules of the same color, size, and number as (Group 1) but containing wheat flour, they also underwent the same diet, physical activity, and metformin dosage as (Group 1) during the 8 weeks of the study.

Results

Ginger powder supplementation significantly reduced body mass index, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR). Ginger also significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, beta cell function index (HOMA2-%β), and insulin sensitivity index (HOMA2-%S).

Conclusion

Ginger is considered a safe and effective adjuvant antidiabetic agent in treatment of T2DM; improving glycemic status, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and promoting weight loss.

Anti-cancer effects, 2013

The mechanism of ginger for acting as chemopreventive spice remains a matter of conflict among researchers. Ingredients like [6]-gingerol,[6]-shogaol, [6]-paradol, and zerumbone in ginger exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic activities.[36,37] Ginger and its bioactive molecules are effective in controlling the extent of colorectal, gastric, ovarian, liver, skin, breast, and prostate cancers.[36,38–43]

Colorectal cancer is more prevalent in vegetarians and ginger could be effective in reducing the extent of this disease. Manju and Nalini studied the efficacy of ginger against 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. They observed that ginger supplementation can activate various enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase and suppress colon carcinogenesis.[44] Kim et al. administered Zerumbone orally in mouse models and observed inhibition in multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinomas through suppression of colonic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of that includes inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of NF-κB and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression.[41]

In gastric cancer, the tumor necrosis factor-related inducing apoptosis ligand (TRIALS) plays a major role by promoting apoptosis. Cascades of caspase proteins activate by ginger and its functional components.[45] Ishiguro et al. explained a model for [6]-gingerol and[6]-shogaol action against gastric cancer cells. They observed that [6]-gingerol inhibits TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation by impairing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, suppresses cIAP1 expression, and increases TRAIL-induced caspase-3/7 activation.[38]

Yagihashi et al. reported that [6]-gingerol can inhibit both proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction are the main causes of [6]-gingerol in these cancerous cells.[46] Habib et al. suggested that ginger extract can reduce the elevated expression of NF-κB and TNF-alpha in rats with liver cancer.[29]

Inhibition of angiogenesis in the mouse skin is the mechanism of ginger for treating of skin cancer.[47 [6]-Gingerol exhibited considerable cytotoxicity by growth inhibition of human epidermoid carcinoma cells mediated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced apoptosis.[48]

The effectiveness of ginger and its biomolecules has been demonstrated for controlling of ovarian cancer. Ginger inhibited NF-κB activation and diminished the secretion of VEGF and IL-8 helping to treat ovarian cancer.[49]

Zhang et al. showed that zerumbone induced apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells through p53 signal pathway, formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed nuclei, and the increased activity of caspase-3. So, zerumbone is a new therapeutic candidate for controlling of pancreatic cancer.[50] Lee et al. indicated that ginger can cure breast cancer via inhibiting cell adhesion invasion motility.[42 [6]-gingerol can affect prostate cancer models by modulation of proteins involved in apoptosis pathway.[51]

Ginger Extract Shows Strong Senolytic Effect, 2022