H1-Antihistamines / Loratadine (Claritin) / Desloratadine
Histamine and histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) are frequently increased in the tumor microenvironment and induce T cell dysfunction. Mechanistically, HRH1-activated macrophages polarize toward an M2-like immunosuppressive phenotype with increased expression of the immune checkpoint VISTA, rendering T cells dysfunctional. HRH1 knockout or antihistamine treatment reverted macrophage immunosuppression, revitalized T cell cytotoxic function, and restored immunotherapy response . Allergy, via the histamine-HRH1 axis, facilitated tumor growth and induced immunotherapy resistance in mice and humans. Importantly, cancer patients with low plasma histamine levels had a more than tripled objective response rate to anti-PD-1 (immunotherapy) treatment compared with patients with high plasma histamine. H1 antihistamines were found to induce anti-cancer effects across multiple cell lines ( CLL, HCC, BC, NSCLC, MM, OC, PC…) . Induce cancer-specific, lysosome-dependent cell death and sensitize...